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Oirats
Oirats ((モンゴル語:"ойрад"), "ойрд", ''Oird''; in the past, also Eleuths〔Owen Lattimore, ''The Desert Road to Turkestan''. (For Lattimore, Euleuths are "the great western group of tribes which marks in all probability a primitive racial cleavage" (p. 101 in the ca. 1929 edition). Lattimore further (p. 139 refers to Samuel Couling of ''Encyclopaedia Sinica'' (1917), according to whom the spelling "Eleuth" was due to French missionaries, representing the sound of something like Ölöt. Into Chinese, the same name was transcribed as 厄鲁特 (Pinyin: Elute; Mongolian: ''Olot'').))〕) are the westernmost group of the Mongols whose ancestral home is in the Altai region of western Mongolia. Although the Oirats originated in the eastern parts of Central Asia, the most prominent group today is located in Kalmykia, a federal subject of Russia, where they are called Kalmyks.
Historically, the Oirats were composed of four major tribes: Dzungar (Choros or Olots), Torghut, Dörbet, and Khoshut. The minor tribes include: Khoid, Bayads, Myangad, Zakhchin, Baatud.
==Etymology==
The name probably means "oi" (forest) and "ard" (person),〔M.Sanjdorj, History of the Mongolian People's Republic, Volume I, 1966〕 and they were counted among the "forest people" in the 13th century. A second opinion believes the name derives from Mongolian word "oirt" (or "oirkhon") meaning "close (as in distance)," as in "close/nearer ones."
The name Oirat may derive from a corruption of the group's original name ''Dörben Öörd'', meaning "The Allied Four." Perhaps inspired by the designation Dörben Öörd, other Mongols at times used the term "Döchin Mongols" for themselves ("Döchin" meaning forty), but there was rarely as great a degree of unity among larger numbers of tribes as among the Oirats.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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